Assessing active thumb palmar and radial abduction in persons with thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis via intermetacarpal distance methods: an exploration of validity, reliability, and precision
Caliper and tape-based IMD measurements offer similar reliability, but averaging multiple trials improves precision. RABD-IMD methods demonstrate moderate construct validity, supporting their use in clinical assessment of CMC1 OA. Standardized, repeatable IMD assessments may enh…