Which moderating factors influence autonomic imbalance in chronic musculoskeletal pain? A domain-specific systematic review and multilevel meta-regression of heart rate variability.
Chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) involves autonomic dysregulation quantifiable with heart rate variability (HRV), but findings are heterogeneous and the influence of HRV protocols and clinical characteristics remain unclear. This study aimed to quantify autonomic imbalance in…