Cholinergic reflex control of inflammation: mechanistic and translational advances in transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation across rheumatic, metabolic, and postoperative disorders.
Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has recently emerged as a focal noninvasive neuromodulatory approach in anti-inflammatory therapeutics. The vagus nerve functions as a critical neuroimmune interface, tonically suppressing proinflammatory cytokine release…