Clinically integrated multi-modal transformer framework with cross-modal gated fusion and clinical nomogram for automated Kellgren-Lawrence grading of knee osteoarthritis on x-ray images.
We developed a multi-modal Transformer framework integrating knee radiographs with clinical covariates to enable automated, objective, and generalizable ordinal Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grading. A total of 2,703 anteroposterior knee radiographs were retrospectively collected from…